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Better-Than-New P-38

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Nelson Ezell’s rebuild of White Lightnin’ is one of the most beautiful warbird restorations ever


better than“A few minutes from the airport, I was just sitting there thinking, ‘It just doesn’t get any better than this,’ when the left engine started backfiring and popping violently. I pulled the power back, and the cockpit went completely black with smoke. I started coughing and suffocating, feeling helpless right away. I was probably between 1,000 and 1,500 feet, just trying to make sure I kept the green stuff on the bottom side. I didn’t want this thing upside down [and hitting] the dirt at 300 miles an hour.

I popped the canopy, and immediately it was clear again. I looked out the left-hand side and there was a hole about the size of a saucer with a very intense fire, like a miniature afterburner, poking out the top of that cowling. I literally watched the scoop on top of the engine melt down. I immediately cut the fuel off; shutting the engine down, hoping the fire would go down. It did not.

At this point, I had the right engine firewalled trying to find the airport. I realized I wasn’t getting anywhere fast, the fire wasn’t going out, and the hydraulics were zero. I didn’t trust the standby hydraulic system enough to make the choice to manually pump the gear down. I’ve seen a couple other airplanes where you try to pump the gear down and you can’t get them all down and locked.

better thanEven if I found the airport, I wanted to belly-land in the grass. Dad always told me, ‘If you ever have to belly this thing in for whatever reason, don’t do it on the pavement because there are six fuel sources [for draining fuel] right under your seat on the bottom of the gondola that would spark on the runway.’ I wasn’t about to put this thing up on the pavement. So the best choice was a cotton field immediately below me. The entire time, I’m wondering if I’m going to survive. I hit the ground hard, sliding along with a bunch of dirt being thrown in my face, mouth and eyes. It wasn’t long before it stopped. The fire was on my left, and I jumped over the right window and ran, wondering if it was going to explode. At that point, I’d survived and wanted the airplane to survive, too! Thankfully, the dirt had snuffed out the fire.”—
Ladd Gardner, “An Interview With Ladd Gardner,” interviewed by Wayne Sagar, All Aviation Flightline Online, April 20, 2003.

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YIPPEE: Evolution Of A Thoroughbred

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Nearly a quarter of a century in gestation, the LoPresti Fury flies into the 21st century full of promise

yippeeRoy LoPresti was one of those people who should have been allowed to live forever. I was proud to call Roy a friend and mentor, the smartest man I ever met on the subject of little airplanes.

LoPresti could have written Encyclopaedia Britannica’s chapter on aerodynamics, but he probably wouldn’t have bothered, as Roy’s grasp of the laws of flying was far beyond conventional wisdom. He thought so far outside the box, he didn’t even know there was one. He seemed to have a natural instinct for what works and what doesn’t. Sadly, Roy left us six years ago, and the world of aviation became a far smaller place.

Fortunately for the rest of us, Roy’s legacy is very much alive in the LoPresti Fury. Wife Peggy and sons Curt, David and Jim have been quietly continuing the LoPresti Fury project from the family’s mod business, LoPresti Speed Merchants (www.speedmods.com), headquartered in Vero Beach, Fla.

The one and only prototype LoPresti Fury has been flying now for 20 years. When it burst upon the scene in the late ’80s, the first and only product by the LoPrestis and Piper Aircraft Engineering, the LoPresti Fury was otter-sleek and beautiful, a charismatic aluminum nymph with an elfish demeanor and bumblebee performance.

The airplane was basically a work of art. Aerodynamicist Roger Hoh was called in to help with the design, and Hoh made a number of recommendations to improve what was already a slick, clean machine. Hoh suggested a higher, longer tailwheel to lower the airplane’s three-point ground stance for better landing characteristics. He also endorsed stall strips in place of the old wing slots to even the stall. The finished product was outstanding, both in aesthetics and flight characteristics, and it inspired nearly everyone who saw it to say, “I want one.”

The LoPresti Fury was dedicated to the premise that personal airplanes can be pure fun, not just intended for transportation. When it premiered at Sun ’n Fun in 1989, the LoPrestis took 131 orders (with deposits) in one week, and eventually, the order backlog rose to more than 500.

Regrettably, LoPresti-Piper, a short-lived coalition between the LoPrestis and then–Piper owner Stuart Millar, wasn’t to survive Piper’s 1991 bankruptcy. Lots of sky has passed beneath the wing since that introduction, and the LoPresti Fury has only benefited from the delay.

Roy and his sons made a number of notable improvements in the interim. The cowling was totally redesigned for better cooling and reduced drag, something the LoPrestis know quite a bit about. Speed Merchants’ cowlings for Mooneys, Pipers and Grumman-Americans are famous for their heat suppression, aerodynamic cleanliness and improved aesthetics.

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Luscombe Silvaire 8F: A Classic LSA

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A Luscombe enthusiast revives the type with a larger Continental engine and a lower gross weight

luscombeIf you’re a Luscombe lover (and most any pilot who’s flown the type is), the new/old Luscombe 8F must strike a resonant tone. These days, in fact, the old Luscombe design has taken on a new persona, that of an LSA.

Yes, it’s true the little Luscombe Silvaire has been on-again/off-again for several decades, but it appears the type certificate has finally come to rest in the hands of John Dearden, president of Luscombe Silvaire Aircraft Co. (www.luscombe-silvaire.com) in Riverside, Calif. Working out of Riverside’s Flabob Airport, Dearden, his wife and a group of dedicated Luscombe fans are making a brave attempt to revive what many regard as Don Luscombe’s work of art.

If you’re not familiar with the Luscombe, you’re in for a treat the first time you take the stick and guide the 8F up into the sky. In the late ’30s/early ’40s class of entry-level two-seaters, the Cub, Champ, Taylorcraft, Porterfield, Cessna 120/140 and Luscombe were regarded by many pilots as the least expensive and most enthusiastic methods of transitioning from ground to sky. Of those airplanes, the Luscombe Silvaire was one of the most respected; often considered a standout, it possessed better performance, improved handling and even a limited inertia-driven aerobatic capability. The original Luscombe sported a series of 65 to 90 hp engines, and its performance was generally a step ahead of the competition. In the ’30s and ’40s, Luscombes were regarded as the sports cars of lightplanes.

Today’s Luscombe 8F Silvaire LSA is essentially the same airplane as the original, yet improved in the respects that count. It’s still an all-aluminum airplane, and that may mean the most to some pilots who still believe aluminum is the best material for light aircraft. Unlike composite materials, the Luscombe’s all-metal construction is impervious to UV radiation, cold temperatures and severe heat. This means there’s no limiting airframe temperature that might result in delamination.

On top of that, many pilots have traditionally left Luscombes unpainted, thereby saving extra cost and weight.

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Cessna 350: Cessna’s New-Generation Single

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Is the Cessna 350 the new NGP?


If you want to start a lively debate with a group of pilots, take a side on the high-wing/low-wing debate, and then stand back. You’re almost guaranteed to hear passionate arguments from both sides of the issue.

Cessna has always built its single-engine airplanes with the wing on the top. Columbia Aircraft models are most emphatically not high-wing airplanes. Perhaps for that reason, it came as a surprise in November 2007 when Cessna purchased the rights to a bankrupt Columbia Aircraft for a relatively paltry $26.4 million.

There were several reasons the merger didn’t seem a perfect fit, and the high-wing/low-wing question was only one of them (but I had to bring it up anyway). Cessna has long since learned that clinging to the tried and true might not be very exciting, but it works. The Wichita, Kans., company has manufactured the best-selling models in practically every class, from light singles to jets. (Okay, it’s true that the popular Cirrus SR22 has outsold the Skyhawk for the last few years.) Cessna’s success may be the manufacturing equivalent of the traditional advice, “Age and experience trump youth and enthusiasm every time.”

In contrast, Columbia’s two-plane line was about as innovative as production airplanes got. Featuring a brilliantly smooth, all-composite structure of prepreg glass fiber around a honeycomb interior, the 350 fuselage is assembled like a giant model airplane, with left and right halves bonded together from the firewall aft. Bonded structures certainly aren’t new to Cessna—the company has been using them on the Citation line of corporate jets for years—but the new 350 and 400 represent the first Cessna singles to make extensive use of the technology.

The all-composite Cessna 350, powered by a 310 hp Continental IO-550N engine, is the first Cessna single to extensively use bonded composite structures.

The former-Columbia airplanes feature an efficient natural laminar flow (NLF) airfoil; a wider cabin than in a 206; twin gull-wing doors; dual side sticks, angled inboard for roll and pitch control; flat-panel PFD/MFD screens, originally Avidyne and now Garmin; a standard rheostatically controlled climate-control system; and fixed tube-steel gear that’s so aerodynamically clean, the turbocharged version once went toe-to-toe with the retractable Mooney Acclaim as the world’s fastest production single.

In short, the Columbia airplanes seemed to be from a different aeronautical planet. Yet here we are a year later, and the Cessna 350 and 400 have become stablemates with our old friends, the 172 Skyhawk, 182 Skylane and 206 Stationair. Indeed, the 350 and 400 are effectively the top of Cessna’s piston line, with the 350 checking in at a base price that’s $32,000 above that for the 206, and the 400 pegged at $79,000 above the Turbo Stationair.

The 350 features performance you might not expect from a fixed-gear airplane. Designer Lance Neibauer took special care to configure his first production single with a small but efficient wing and slickly faired tri-gear design to complement rather than argue with the wind. Wing area is a mere 141 square feet, but a combination of wing cuffs bonded to the outboard leading edge to increase camber and the clever NLF airfoil help generate impressive climb.


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Maule MXT-7: Simplicity Redefined

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A different take on the question of four-seat economy

mauleBack in the last century, when I lived in Alaska, I used to hear stories of pilots who could fly Maules out of places where other airplanes would fear to roll a tread. I didn’t have a chance to fly one in those days, but I always wondered if the stories were true.

They were. It was probably 10 years later when I first got my hands on a Maule and began to explore its talents. I discovered that Maules truly are among the most talented of short-/soft-field airplanes, and the marquee has a deserved reputation as a utility machine par excellence.

Run by the Maule family (above) and founded by Belford D. Maule, Maule Air (www.mauleairinc.com) has been producing airplanes since 1941.
One of the first and most exciting things I learned was the technique for what has become known as a “jump takeoff.” Most any of the Maules could leap into the sky after an incredibly abbreviated takeoff run, but the M4s and M5s, with engines from 210 hp to 235 hp, always seemed the most enthusiastic. With the Maule M5-235C, for example, the procedure was fairly simple. It was great fun, but I never did it as well or as aggressively as my first teacher, Maule demo pilot Dan Spader. Later, Long Beach, Calif., Maule dealer Joe Geiger helped me refine the technique. Geiger was one of Maule’s top salesmen in the ’70s and ’80s, and he and Spader taught me the demo trick to make the Maule stand out from the pack.

With the brakes set, the procedure was to bring power to the wall, release the brakes, push the stick forward to bring the tailwheel off the ground and the airplane to a level attitude, count to four, pull in two notches of flaps and rotate hard. If you did it right, the result was a very short ground run followed by a dramatic liftoff, with the nose arcing through 40 degrees up and the tailwheel barely clearing the runway. Obviously, you had to know the airplane fairly well to bring it off, but with a little practice, you could dazzle the locals every time.

Though I never sold airplanes, I delivered a wide variety of Piper, Cessna, Beech, Mooney, Commander, Grumman American, Bellanca and other aircraft, plus probably a dozen or so new Maules from the factory in Moultrie, Ga., to Geiger’s West Coast dealership. The Maules certainly weren’t the fastest, but they were among the most fun, and they always garnered more than their fair share of attention. Flying cross-country, spanning the Lower 48, I was asked to demonstrate the jump takeoff trick over and over at practically every fuel stop along the route. In one instance, I spent most of a day at Geiger’s Hayward, Calif., office demonstrating the procedure to everyone from employees and salesmen to rampers and prospects.

It seems everyone knew that Maules were capable of amazing things, and most pilots were eager to experience the airplane’s phenomenal short-field performance firsthand. Belford D. Maule saddled his airplanes with fanciful names, such as Astro Rocket, Strata Rocket and Lunar Rocket, but after you saw what they could do, the names didn’t seem nearly so fanciful.

I had heard stories of pilots operating from the mountainous bush country of Alaska who could fly what was referred to as the “box canyon departure.” As the name implied, this was a procedure sometimes employed in a tight canyon where the only departure possible was a steep climbing turn. It demanded the jump takeoff described above followed by a high-angle, slow-speed, steep turn, arcing uphill while prescribing a narrow funnel in the sky. The primary risk was of stalling the airplane in the worst possible attitude, a steep, climbing, departure turn. The good news was that the Maule airfoil was so forgiving, it was easy to predict the exact moment when the wing would stop flying and begin falling.

Maules were STOL airplanes long before anyone thought up the acronym. Back in the ’60s, the standard Maules with 210 hp Continentals or 220 hp Franklins practically defined bush flying and, along with Super Cubs, were regarded as generic bush planes. That may not be surprising, considering that Maules share the Cub’s USA 35B modified wing section. (In fact, Jane’s All-The-World’s Aircraft suggests the original Maule M4 was “a four-seat extrapolation of the Piper Cub.”) The Maule’s large-span, wide-chord flaps were one key to the airplane’s low stall speed and short-takeoff capability. The flaps deflected to a full 48 degrees (on some models), creating huge amounts of drag and lift and reducing stall well below 40 knots.


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Jabiru J230: Heart Of Gold

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Beauty and solid, easy-flying handling in one package

jabiruWhat draws a person to an airplane? For some it’s raw performance—
faster/higher/farther; for others, it’s enthusiastic raves from fellow pilots. But for most of us, it’s an intangible moment of “smittenness” with the sheer visual appeal of a new flying machine. How great, then, when the object of your latest affection turns out to not only have eye-catching beauty, but a heart of gold as well.

At a recent Sun ’n Fun, I hopped out of an LSA after a photo flight. Across the grassy strip of South Lakeland Airport, the streamlined-yet-robust lines of a high-winger caught my eye. “Hmm. Slick-looking ship. What is it?” I asked a nearby pilot.


The U.S.–built, Australian-designed Jabiru J230 is a high-wing airplane that’s powered by a 120 hp, six-cylinder Jabiru 3300 engine.
“One of those Aussie planes, I think,” he replied. And indeed it was. Mates and Sheilas, meet the Jabiru J230-SP, a U.S.–built, Australian-designed S-LSA. A closer look revealed smooth, composite-contoured construction, three doors and a generously roomy (nearly 45-inch-wide) cockpit. The interior was lovely: optional leather seats and dual EFIS instrument panel. Center-mounted stick. Dual throttles. Electric flaps. Hydraulic brakes. An air-cooled, 120 hp, four-stroke, six-cylinder, 3,300 cc Jabiru opposed engine. And a high-aspect wing with vertical winglets. What’s not to like?

First Date
Thanks to Dave Jalanti of Jabiru Power Solutions (www.jabirups.com), the Northeast Jabiru distributor, I recently took the pleasure of the J230’s company at my local, upstate New York flying field, a lovely 4,000-foot grass strip known as Kline Kill. With local CFI Clifford Allen riding herd in the right seat, we taxied onto the mowed green field on a calm summer morning. Allen coached me through the takeoff: “Pull it off at about 50 knots, keep her level in ground effect until 65, then pitch for a 75-knot climb out.”

Takeoff was a breeze. Once upstairs, with no flaps and 65 knots indicated, I saw climb rates of 1,000 fpm and more, though the spec is for 700 fpm with full load. We were full-up with two 175-pound people on board and plenty of fuel (“useable” load is 520 pounds). Only five minutes into the flight, I’d answered the first question I always ask an airplane I’ve just met: How does it feel? It felt right. The J230 handles easily, with excellent feedback. It’s smooth, easy to fly and feels...solid.

The secret to its flight personality is no secret at all. For Allen, it comes down to just two words: “dynamic stability.” Allen’s devoted many years to teaching people how to fly in conventional aircraft, so he knows whereof he speaks when he says, “If you displace it, what does the airplane do? If you pull back into a climb, does it seek out and return to its trimmed attitude and airspeed? That’s what you’d expect to see in a Cessna. And that’s what this airplane does.”

He adds that he has flown several different LSA, but dynamic stability hasn’t been a common trait among many of them. “It’s important that, when a student is distracted, the airplane will take care of itself. Students shouldn’t be able to easily stumble into uncomfortable situations, such as stalls or sudden buildups of speed.” Allen considers the J230’s dynamic stability as “at the level of an FAA-certificated airplane. That’s what I like about it. I can fly it all day long and never work at it.”


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A Look At The Piper Jet

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Approximately two years after unveiling its much-anticipated PiperJet, Piper Aircraft recently gave members of the media, Piper dealers and prospective owners a firsthand look at the jet. Piper’s unveiling consisted of both a ground viewing and aerial demonstration over the Vero Beach, Fla., factory. With more than 200 visitors on hand, Piper provided many new details on the jet’s performance, design and certification status.
 
Performance
While flying at its service ceiling of 35,000 feet, the PiperJet is expected to achieve a max cruise speed of 360 knots, burn 77 gph and provide a range of 1,000 nm with NBAA 100 nm reserves. Slowed to 320 knots, the PiperJet is expected to burn 64 gph and achieve an impressive 1,300 nm range with the same reserves. Approach speeds of 80 to 85 knots and takeoff and landing distances of approximately 3,000 feet at sea level have been demonstrated.
 
Climbing at a best rate of climb of 180 knots, the PiperJet is expected to offer a brisk initial 3,400 fpm sea-level climb rate and should maintain up to a 1,000 fpm climb to the jet’s expected max certified altitude of 35,000 feet.
 
Certification Status
The current nonconforming proof-of-concept (POC) jet has flown a total of 55 flight hours. Piper’s certification program calls for three conforming aircraft to be added to the test fleet beginning in late 2009, as Piper finalizes the jet’s design over the upcoming year. Piper’s current test plan calls for 2,500 hours of testing, with final certification expected in late 2011/early 2012, a one-year slip from the company’s originally announced schedule, released at the 2006 NBAA Convention.
 
Piper reports that it has spent approximately $25,000,000 on the development program; it expects to spend an additional $75,000,000 to achieve final certification. The company is relying on cash flows from continued operation to fund the project and isn’t shy admitting that it’s certainly open to speaking with institutions or individuals interested in investing in the company to help support the development and certification of the PiperJet.
 
Design
As the largest of the single-engine jets currently in development, the PiperJet provides a voluminous cabin with a relatively spacious club-seating arrangement in the aft cabin with an optional potty, seventh seat or storage space separating the cockpit from the cabin. Though not installed in the POC jet, Piper has selected Garmin to provide the integrated flight deck. Again, though not installed on the POC jet, the PiperJet will be delivered with trailing-link landing gear to provide operators gentler arrivals. Stopping the PiperJet will be accomplished by a hydraulic braking system; anti-skid brakes are available as an option. Similar to Piper’s single-engine turboprop, the Meridian, ice protection on the PiperJet will be accomplished by a hot-lip for engine anti-ice, and pneumatic boots for wing and tail deice.
 
The PiperJet is powered by a FADEC Williams International FJ-44-3AP engine. The powerplant installation on the PiperJet utilizes a 3,000-pound thrust engine derated down to 2,400 pounds of thrust, providing better long-term engine life, more consistent climb performance through the flight levels, improved climb performance and design room for Piper’s future product line beyond the PiperJet. The FJ-44-3AP has a TBO of 4,000 hours and similar engine variants are currently flying on the Cessna Citation CJ2+ and CJ3, and Hawker/Beechcraft Premier II.
 
Due to the PiperJet’s unique engine installation in the tail, ground personnel can walk around the aircraft without being exposed to its jet blast. With the engine thrust line well above the aircraft’s center of gravity, Piper engineers are working on developing a system that automatically compensates horizontal stabilizer position for the changing pitching moments introduced through changes in engine power.
 
The PiperJet’s relatively high-aspect-ratio wing gives the aircraft an impressive glide ratio of 17:1. Vmo and Mmo on the PiperJet are 250 knots and Mach 0.65, respectively. Vlo and Vfe (flaps 15 degrees) are planned to be 200 knots. With an announced full-fuel payload of 800 pounds, the design max gross takeoff weight is expected to be 7,250 pounds and the basic empty weight is expected to be 4,100 pounds.
 
As far as pilot training goes, Piper has made it clear that it won’t attempt to provide type training itself; rather, the company will rely on a yet-to-be-determined training partner.
 
Current base price on the PiperJet is $2,199,000. By late 2011/early 2012, when first deliveries are expected to begin, the base price is expected to be approximately $2,600,000 (assuming 3% inflation per year). Piper announced that it has received 203 orders from its dealer network, with 50 of those orders converted to retail customers.
 
With 144,000 aircraft built, of which 80,000 still flying today, Piper has demonstrated the capability to design, certify and produce a vast line of piston- and turbine-powered aircraft. Though the PiperJet is the first turbofan design the company has attempted, Piper appears up to the challenge: introducing a uniquely designed aircraft into a growing crowd of companies eager to get a piece of the VLJ pie.

Liberty XL2 Vanguard: The Soul Of A Tiger

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The FADEC-equipped two-seater makes training and cruising fun again


Web Exclusive Video

Paul Everitt and Bill Cox fly the Liberty XL2 around Catalina Island.
Video by Marc Lee.


libertyThe mission was an intriguing one: I would fly the brand-new Liberty Aerospace XL2 Vanguard Edition for a pilot report along California’s Malibu coast. The demo pilot and I would head back to Santa Monica Airport and rendezvous with a Cessna 172 camera ship for an aerial photo session above Catalina Island’s emerald waters. The beautiful afternoon promised nothing but high cirrus clouds and great flying.

America seems to be just discovering the XL2. The Vanguard is the latest development from Liberty Aerospace in Melbourne, Fla., and is the only FAA-certified single-engine piston production aircraft equipped with a full authority digital engine control system (FADEC). Its hybrid carbon-fiber construction and its unique design features have endeared it to pilots in the know. China just ordered 600 XL2s in anticipation of opening its airspace in 2010.

I’d been itching to get my hands on the jaunty XL2, and the airplane’s reputation as ingenious added to its allure. Liberty Aerospace took the successful XL2 and improved it with a gross-weight increase to 1,750 pounds and other goodies. Payload with full fuel is now a generous 420 pounds. The Vanguard Edition has toe brakes instead of finger brakes and sports three new color schemes; it’s IFR-certified (as are all XL2s) and it offers the Aspen Evolution Pro PFD system, Garmin GTX 330 transponder with traffic avoidance and GPS-coupled S-TEC 30 dual-axis auto-pilot as avionics options.

libertyWhat Makes It Different
The design of the airplane is for thinkers. The XL2’s fuselage is constructed entirely of Toray carbon-fiber composites—same as the Boeing 787. The construction is uniquely modular: The entire airplane consists of a steel rolling chassis, removable aluminum wings and a single-piece fuselage that weighs a mere 100 pounds. This component approach makes maintenance easier than with traditional aircraft. A single belly panel opens up to expose the aircraft’s major systems, and Liberty says each wing can be removed by a mechanic in 20 minutes.

The Teledyne Continental IOF-240-B provides 125 hp, and the FADEC optimizes performance so the Vanguard only burns 5 gph and offers up 120 knots at 75% power. Low-energy fabrication processes make it one of the “greenest” aircraft out there.

Trainer, Cruiser Or Both?
Although Liberty has partially positioned the XL2 as a two-seat trainer, there’s much more to it. The Vanguard is also a bulldog of a cross-country airplane. In fact, its cross-country capabilities might overshadow the fact that it’s a superb trainer. Few airplanes, if any, have filled this unique niche. The XL2 is to a Cessna 150 what a Harley Sportster is to a scooter. Its looks are deceiving, but the XL2 Vanguard might be the most ingenious trainer in half a century.

Like the venerable Piper Cub, the Liberty XL2 makes people smile wherever it goes. The first time I noticed this effect was at the AOPA Expo in San Jose, Calif. People would walk up to the XL2, cock their heads like the RCA “His Master’s Voice” dog and smile. The airplane invokes fun, and I was to find out just how much fun it is.
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King Me!

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Down & dirty in the spectacular Utah Canyonlands

king meIf you’re coming down that canyon thinking, “I can do this three out of five times,” you’re going to be scared to death. Because you don’t know if this is one of the three—or one of the two.—Todd Peterson

This is unreal. How can he land coming in like that?

True, the reddish, sandy dirt strip is 1,400-feet long. But a good bit is brushy, rocky or too soft. Most pilots would say, “Pass,” unless they fly a jeep with wings, a super bushwhacker like a Husky...or this plane, the King Katmai.

Massive sediment-layered buttes, burnished to rich maroon-gold by the morning sun, vault 1,000 feet into the clear, calm blue all around me. But the austere beauty doesn’t change reality: This strip, called Happy Canyon, is one unforgiving desert scratch in the desert.

king meYet Todd and Jo Peterson’s Cessna 182-on-steroids is about to touch down, one way or another, from a dramatically unusual approach. Near the end of a base leg flown just eight feet above ground, he banks left now at almost 30 degrees into a ridiculously short final, straight toward me.

Airspeed’s around 50 knots; his inside wingtip anchors the turn, a foot or two above the scrub brush. What’s strange is the way the airplane isn’t nose-high, hanging on the prop like most planes shooting a near-stall, short-field approach.

No, it’s level, nose to tail, as if in a cruising turn at altitude. Very cool. Weird, but cool.

I raise the camera and fire away, wondering how long it will take to walk out of this Butch and Sundance outlaw terrain if he prangs in. A long time, pardner. A real long time.

Down & Clean
The Katmai deftly rounds the corner...holds the turn, clean and smooth...the inside main drops lower...lower...then its big 29-inch balloon tire drags up some dirt precisely as the 182 comes into line with the “runway” and drops briskly onto the other main. The nosewheel settles firmly, and the plane rumbles by to stop 200 feet down the strip.

Whew. You’ve got to see one of these to believe it. This is a Wichita Tin cruiser? Only in appearance, brother.

Todd Peterson built this STOL-bred King Katmai precisely to enable such thread-the-needle landings. But this is a tricycle-gear airplane, not a taildragger. A Skylane, for Peterson’s sake. How does he get it to perform like that?

I trot past the sun-blackened old miner’s cabin and hop in. Once, this Utah badlands region sheltered outlaws and ancient Indians from posses, hostile tribes and the elements. Now, as we arc up and away, I’m having my own High Noon moment. For the next dirt-strip landing, at Angel Point, I’ll be at the controls.

This is the beating heart of the Katmai: You can hold a steep bank and watch the wingtip just skim above the brush with complete confidence.

Down & Clean
The Katmai deftly rounds the corner...holds the turn, clean and smooth...the inside main drops lower...lower...then its big 29-inch balloon tire drags up some dirt precisely as the 182 comes into line with the “runway” and drops briskly onto the other main. The nosewheel settles firmly, and the plane rumbles by to stop 200 feet down the strip. Whew. You’ve got to see one of these to believe it. This is a Wichita Tin cruiser? Only in appearance, brother. Todd Peterson built this STOL-bred King Katmai precisely to enable such thread-the-needle landings. But this is a tricycle-gear airplane, not a taildragger. A Skylane, for Peterson’s sake. How does he get it to perform like that? I trot past the sun-blackened old miner’s cabin and hop in. Once, this Utah badlands region sheltered outlaws and ancient Indians from posses, hostile tribes and the elements. Now, as we arc up and away, I’m having my own High Noon moment. For the next dirt-strip landing, at Angel Point, I’ll be at the controls. Read More...

Up-And-Comer

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The new Remos GX rises to satisfy sport pilots

remosAn LSA that was 10 years in the making may aptly be called a “mature design” within this nascent sector of piston aircraft. A few others share a similarly “ripe, old” heritage, but most are far newer than the trusty GA models in which many of us learned the art of flying.

Designed by engineer Lorenz Kreitmayr, the first Remos G-3 took to the air in 1997 (10 years before the upgraded GX first flew). In 2008, N447RA, the first GX, arrived in the States for the big summer flyfest in Oshkosh, and that’s where I had a chance to update my Remos experience (previously earned in the G-3). Assisting and educating me were two Remos reps: National Technical Service Manager Cris Ferguson and Managing Director of Sales and Marketing Michael Meirer.

remos
Derived from the earlier G-3, the new GX brings many updates to suit American pilots, including a new Sensenich ground-adjustable propeller. A large baggage area aft of the pilot is accessed by removing the pilot seat.
What’s The Difference?
While G-3 sold more than 250 copies, performing well for European pilots for years, the arrival of the U.S. LSA market spurred fresh development. After a proper gestation period, the GX landed in America in time for EAA AirVenture 2008.

Ferguson clarified the differences between G-3 and GX, explaining that the new arrival bears a clear lineage, but is a genuinely different airplane. Whereas G-3 had parts fabricated in Poland, all components of the GX are made in Germany.

Foremost in the new features is a replacement of G-3’s partially fabric-covered wing; GX uses an all-carbon-fiber construction. “Remos engineers built new test fixtures and sandbagged the wing to destruction,” Ferguson explained. “The first wing was overbuilt and held 15,000 pounds of static weight; it was lightened because the wing was much stronger than it needed to be.” Among the refinements, Remos built a landing light smoothly into each wing’s leading edge.

The wing strut shed its former jury strut, and the main structure is now a larger-diameter chrome tube that’s faired for aerodynamic and cosmetic reasons. Remos also replaced the plain flap with a slotted one to increase lift efficiency.

GX’s fuselage is also built of carbon fiber. Remos added a dorsal fin that straddles the fuselage as it joins the vertical stabilizer. On the smaller ventral fin, a fixed-position tailwheel acting as a landing skid has been converted to a tiedown. (Wing tiedowns will also be added, though they weren’t installed on the article aircraft.)
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DA 40 XLS: The Innovator Keeps Getting Better

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With the addition of Garmin’s Synthetic Vision Technology and other improvements, the popular composite four-seater reaches a wider audience



DX 40The day was a dappled gray when I arrived at Long Beach Airport in California for my chance to fly the brand-new Diamond DA40 XLS. Rain had been forecast for the afternoon, but the thin overcast had given way to broken clouds with a deep blue sky peering from behind them. Morning rain had washed the air clean, and the light winds made it a perfect day to fly.

So much has been written about Diamond and the DA40 that I wanted to do something different. Instead of merely putting the airplane through a repertoire of aerial tasks, I decided to fly the XLS like an everyday pilot and take the futuristic-looking craft on a little cross-country. My partner would be Robert Stewart, territory manager and demo pilot for USAERO (www.usaero.aero), an authorized Diamond distributor for the Southwestern United States.

The Diamond story should be well-known by now. The company began as a motor-glider manufacturer in Austria in 1981. Acquired by the Dries family in 1991, the company started producing the HK36R Rotax-powered motor glider and its derivative, the DV20 “Katana,” that same year. The two-seat Katana was certified in the United States in 1993, and Diamond (then called “Dimona”) established a large-scale manufacturing facility in London, Ontario, Canada. After much success in the States and internationally, Diamond announced the DA40 in 1997.

DX 40From the beginning, Diamond has been a pioneer and innovator in areas like composite construction and safety testing; it served as the launch platform for Garmin’s G1000 glass panel. The new DA40 XLS is part of a family of ingenious airplanes that includes the DA20, the DA42 twin-engine aircraft (with choice of diesel or Lycoming engines), the FADEC-controlled, five-seat, pressurized DA50 and the much-anticipated D-JET.

It’s important to note that this XLS is a far different airplane from the DA40 that was certified a decade ago. The original had a different propeller and exhaust system and a lower gross weight, as well as subtle differences like different speed fairings and larger tires. Diamond has learned from each model and has evolved the DA40 with hundreds of improvements, large and small. Those who flew the DA40 in years past and think they know the airplane might be very surprised. Read More...

Improbable Pacer

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A rebuilt classic in a class by itself

pacerThere are few aircraft type organizations in general aviation more enthusiastic than the Short Wing Piper Club. That’s, perhaps, ironic in view of the inexpensive prices of most short-wing Pipers. The compact, little two- to four-seaters are among the cheapest entry-level airplanes available. Many sell for less than $25,000, especially the minimalist Vagabond, Clipper and Colt. As the last of the non-Cub Piper taildraggers, the Pacer enjoys a similar price advantage. Even the last of the Pacers, the 1954 model, sells today (in stock configuration) for well under $20,000. The PA20 was introduced in 1950 as a follow-on to the Piper Clipper after Pan American World Airways claimed it owned the name “Clipper” (apparently ignoring the fact that hundreds of sailing ships in the 19th century were called “clippers”).

The Pacer was technically approved as a four-seat machine with 115 to 135 hp Lycoming O-290 engines out front. As the name implies, the Pacer was the predecessor to the first production tri-gear airplanes from the Lock Haven, Pa., company: Piper’s four-place Tri-Pacer and two-seat Colt trainer. The short-wing Pipers were an attempt to improve on one of the few things the venerable PA18 Super Cub didn’t do well: cruise cross-country. The PA18’s big, fat USA-35B airfoil obviously provided gobs of lift, the better to leap off unimproved strips in ridiculously short distances, but the long wing also produced more drag. The Cub’s 178-square-foot wing spanned some 35 feet and 2 inches, and the short-wing Pipers did their job with three feet less span per side and 30 less square feet of area. For a given horsepower, the reduction of wetted area and drag helped generate at least another 15 knots of cruise. Pilots who didn’t need the Super Cub’s spectacular short-field performance were attracted to the more compact Piper.

Frank Sperandeo of Fayetteville, Ark., is certainly one of the world’s strongest devotees of the short-wing Pipers. An A&P mechanic, authorized inspector and designated airworthiness representative (DAR) for the FAA, he has the mechanical expertise to repair and restore a variety of airplanes, and he also signs off newly constructed homebuilt projects for first flight. A pilot since the ’70s, Sperandeo began his personal aviation avocation by totally renovating a Piper Tri-Pacer, then stepped up to his present Pacer.

pacer pacer
Though Miss Pearl has been extensively modified and improved from its initial configuration, it maintains many of its original details.
As you may have guessed from Jim Lawrence’s photos, Sperandeo’s brilliant red and white Pacer is a definite cut above the average 56-year-old PA20. That’s partially because it’s the beneficiary of nearly five years of restoration, a complete rebuild from the ground up. Since acquiring the airplane in 1989, Sperandeo has dedicated nearly $40,000 and 4,200 hours of labor to the renovation of his 1953 Pacer, dubbed Miss Pearl.

Lavishing so much money and attention on an antique airplane hasn’t been without its rewards. In addition to winning Grand Champion at the Short Wing Piper Convention in 1995 and 2002, the A&P’s fully restored PA20 won Grand Champion at Sun ’n Fun (1995), Best Custom Classic at Oshkosh (1995) and the Oshkosh Charles Lindbergh Trophy for Best Customized Classic (2003). In addition, Sperandeo’s Pacer has won awards at virtually every other classic and antique aircraft show he has attended. Read More...

LSA Flight Report: Cruiser In School Clothing

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Mix all-aluminum construction, deep aviation manufacturing background and the desire to build a robust training aircraft, and what have you got? Eaglet!

lsaThe truly wonderful thing about events like the recent Sebring U.S. Sport Aviation Expo is that you have the fun, and the scheduling challenges, of flying many different types of aircraft at one sitting. “Sitting” is a key word. I came to regard it as an aviation smorgasbord—for my tush. Of course, such an avian feast feeds other visceral, spiritual and intellectual appetites too, but sitting comfort in an airplane is also important, yes? You betcha.

Take the Tecnam P92 Eaglet. Peering into its well-appointed cockpit, I commented to my hosts, U.S. distributors Lynne and Michael Birmingham (www.tecnamaircraft.com), on the nicely upholstered, thick-cushion seat.

lsaA couple of LSA I had previously flown at the show left me wishing for thicker seat padding, while Eaglet’s seat proved manifest: firm but pliant, supportive without over-cushiness. In a word, reassuring.

I’m setting you up a bit here: The seat critique serves as metaphor for how I felt about the airplane after an hour’s flight introduction. I would indeed sit in this airplane any day of the week, feed in power, lift away from the tarmac and feel equally at home shooting T and Gs or ranging out on a five-hour cross-country flight. The Eaglet is an airplane you feel at home in the minute you match buns to bucket.

It’s ideally suited for flight training—think LSA comes to Cessna Town. But its roomy (46 inches wide), comfortable cabin and good, solid cruise speed (114 knots at 75%) mean you also can visit your aging hippie Aunt Skyflower up in the hill country. And the view en route? Fabulous. The overhead, Citabria-like windscreen extension lets you look ahead during high-bank turns, important for a high-winger. And since, for most pilots, eyes are below the wing bottom, side, down and back views through the large door windows are most appreciated.
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Cubbing Around

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A light-sport blend of old-school nostalgia and modern technology

cubbingIn a sky filled with high-performance pistons, turboprops and jets that speed to their destination, there’s still something undeniably irresistible about a little yellow Cub. Puttering around low and slow, the humble two-seater makes lazy circles over emerald fields as its pilot smiles down on Earth, senses ignited by a soft breeze and the scent of grass airstrips that waft through the open window. The classic Cub doesn’t care about horsepower or tailwinds; it’s on a flight plan to nowhere, without a worry in the world. “What’s the rush?” the gentle old machine asks. “I will show you what flying is about: fun, passion and simplicity.” But what if you wanted to have your cake and eat it too? Then CubCrafters is your answer.

cubbingI Want It All
Founded by Jim Richmond in 1980 in Yakima, Wash., CubCrafters quickly attained success as a top rebuilder of PA18 Super Cubs. Today, the company also manufacturers its own aircraft, the Sport Cub and Top Cub. Both are modernized versions of the original Cub that combine classic design with new technology, safety features and comforts.

Priced at a base of $127,500, the 2009 Sport Cub S2 weighs in at 832 pounds empty, has a gross weight of 1,320 pounds and is certified as a light-sport aircraft. The second-generation, fabric-covered aircraft features numerous improvements (more than 100, according to CubCrafters) over its predecessor. Among these is a 30-inch-wide cabin (four inches wider than the Top Cub) that benefits from a relocated panel four inches forward and a door that’s four inches wider. Safety features, including AmSafe air bags and inertia-reel shoulder harnesses, now come as standard equipment. Flaps are now standard as well, as are two 12-gallon wing tanks that provide a 450-mile range. There’s a new cabin heater, battery and battery access. There’s new light housing on the wing and tail. There’s a lot of new in this airplane. Read More...

2009 Cessna 172S: Skyhawk In Year 53

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Forever young

cessnaIs it just me, or does the Cessna Skyhawk seem younger than 53? After all, take away the panel, paint and interior, and you might mistake a 2009 for a 1964 model if both airplanes were parked side by side on the ramp in bare aluminum livery. But while the current model’s configuration is physically very similar to that of the older models, the 2009 172S is a very different machine from that early version.

cessna
The aircraft can reach cruise speeds of 126 knots (at 75% power). Pictured above are its wingtip LED nav lights.
No, we’re not planning to detail a half-century of Skyhawk changes. We’re more interested in what the 172 has become than what it used to be. We’ll also skip any discussion of comparative price, as price is always relative. Before you scoff and allege that the 21st-century Skyhawk represents 20th-century technology in contrast to the Cirrus SR20/22, Diamond Star and Cessna’s own Corvalis 350/400, consider that what went before and still remains continues to have an undeniably strong attraction for many pilots.

Right up front, the Skyhawk is the most successful airplane in the world—period. There has been a total of 36,000 units delivered. More to the point, since Cessna restarted production in 1997, the company has sold some 4,400 new-generation Skyhawks of all descriptions. At an average $175,000 per unit, that represents $700 million in sales in a mere dozen years.

The 2009 Skyhawk S continues the tradition of the 172, and it’s the final recipient of a half-century power revolution. (Okay, maybe just a little history.) The original airplane was born with a 145 hp Continental O-300. Then, Cessna transitioned to a 150 hp Lycoming O-320 powerplant. In 1977, the company pushed the O-320’s power to 160 hp, and the new-generation Skyhawk has finally settled on 180 hp with an injected Lycoming IO-360. (Yes, there was a prior 180 hp model back in the 1980s, the Cutlass, but relatively few were built.) The former 160 hp 172R was available in 2008, but few were sold, and Cessna has discontinued the lower-powered airplane for the 2009 model year. Read More...

Lancair Evolution: Revolutionary Homebuilt

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Lancair reaches for new horizons in four-place homebuilts with the Evolution propjet


Video footage shot by Sean O’Leary

lancairWhen I flew my first homebuilt in 1973, a VariViggen with designer Burt Rutan in the second seat, the whole point of homebuilt airplanes was innovation with economy. In those days, the apogee of GA four-seaters was the F33A Bonanza, a luxurious single that sold for $60,000. You could build a VariViggen for less than a tenth of that.

Times have changed. Certainly, economy is still a major goal of homebuilts— building the airplane yourself obviously saves most of the labor cost—but the industry has shifted its parameters toward the high end. Today, doctors, lawyers and captains of industry are buying extremely high-performance homebuilt aircraft, often in partnership with experienced builders, and that has fostered the upscale development of kit-built models that tip the economic scales to as much as $1.5 million. Homebuilt turboprops and jets are slowly emerging as a new wave in amateur-built aircraft.

LANCAIR
The Evolution’s tall and wide cabin features a flat-panel Garmin G900X avionics suite, the experimental aircraft version of the G1000. All information is presented on two 10.4-inch, high-definition LCDs.
Photograph By: John Parker
Lancair International of Redmond, Ore., has always been near the head of the pack, and the company’s new Evolution may be the ultimate high-end, four-seat, single-engine turboprop—especially considering that there are no others. The Evolution represents a definite paradigm shift. It’s certainly the most aggressive four-place airplane on the market today, certified or experimental. It effectively expands turboprop technology and performance into a new regime.

I flew the Evolution with Lancair’s general manager, Tim Ong, the man primarily responsible for the development of the new airplane. I met Ong at the 2008 Reno Air Races, and had a chance to play with the airplane in conjunction with a short test-flight and the air-to-air photo session that produced the images accompanying this story. Interestingly, Ong couldn’t run the airplane in the Sport Class because of the piston limitation, but he did fly it on some air-to-air missions and easily kept out in front of the field. Read More...

Caravan for the Jet Set

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Cessna’s Caravan goes plush, with all the accoutrements of a jet (except the speed)


 


caravanRide in the back of Brian Linehan’s new Grand Caravan, and you’d hardly know you were traveling in a $2 million single-engine turboprop rather than in a $6 to $8 million corporate twin jet.

Well, okay, that’s a little hyperbolic. You could look out the window and notice that there’s a high wing overhead.

Not a lot of jets with that feature. You also might see the ground below and note that you’re not traveling especially high or fast.

If you’re reasonably astute and facing forward, you might perceive the blur of a prop out front, a dead giveaway that your thrust is courtesy of Bernoulli rather than Whittle.

caravan
Linehan Aviation transports corporate executives in the nine-seat Caravan’s huge cabin, which is 62 inches wide, more than 48 inches tall and nearly 17 feet long. Pilots fly behind a Garmin G1000 glass suite.
But lacking those obvious clues and with only the interior accommodations as a guide, you very well might conclude you were traveling in a Cessna Citation X or even a Gulfstream V. You’d certainly never guess you were flying in a 160-knot, single-engine turboprop.

Cessna makes no apologies for the Caravan, and well they needn’t. Other manufacturers can only envy Cessna’s decision to proceed with the model 208 in the early ’80s, despite what seemed a staggering introductory price of $640,000. Buyers apparently weren’t intimidated by the initial high price of admission, and the Caravan has gone on to become one of Cessna’s most successful airplanes.


caravanIcom IC-A24 Handheld www.icomamerica.com
The IC-A24 offers VHF NAV/COM functions, including a duplex feature that allows you to talk using the selected COM frequency while the unit displays a digital CDI showing deviation on the selected NAV channel.

To date, Cessna has produced some 1,700 of the type, worth at least $2 billion. FedEx alone is currently served by 300 of the biggest Cessna singles, and many more 208s are operated by subcontractors. Dispatch reliability is better than practically any other model, typically above 98%.

Cessna currently offers four models of the 208, the straight Caravan 675 and 675 amphibian, plus the Super Cargomaster and Grand Caravan, the latter two airplanes are stretched four feet (and not approved for the float option). All fly behind the seemingly bulletproof 675 hp P&W PT6A-114A, rated for 3,600 hours between overhauls.
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A New Cirrus With A New Boss

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Flight Into Known Icing is added to the SR22

cirrus
Working under the code name “Project Kiwi,” Duluth, Minn.–based Cirrus Design has been laboring over the last 20 months in relative secrecy to certify its first FAA-approved Flight Into Known Icing (FIKI) system on its flagship aircraft, the SR22. Cirrus has significantly differentiated its product from that of its competitors with this newfound operational capability, which is commonly accepted as one of the more difficult aircraft certifications a manufacturer can receive.

At this writing, Cirrus has submitted all the paperwork to the FAA and is expecting certification any day, as the comment period with the FAA has concluded. When asked if Cirrus thought that there was any technical risk with the FAA approving its certification, the company’s answer was “no.” That being said, let’s dive into this innovative new product improvement.

Flying The Perspective
During my introduction to the new FIKI-approved SR22, I got to test-fly the aircraft and feel my way around the Perspective cockpit, codeveloped with Garmin. The particular aircraft I test-flew was equipped with the turbonormalized engine, which provides for constant manifold pressure throughout the climb, making engine management incredibly easy: The mixture is set once after takeoff to the desired fuel flow, and that’s it. As Ron Popeil would say, “Set it and forget it.” Hot and high performance is significantly improved with the turbonormalizer, as the Cirrus maintains an almost constant rate of climb up to roughly 15,000 feet. With the additional air being pumped into the cylinders, cruising at a maximum speed of 219 knots, the turbonormalizer-equipped plane is quite a hot rod.

The cockpit layout in the Perspective-equipped Cirrus is well thought out, allowing for easy access to both pilot information and cockpit controls. The new flight management system (FMS) keypad on the center console significantly improves the pilot’s ability to input information into the FMS. Its physical location, however, is a little inconvenient—the pilot must raise his or her resting hand to input data, which can be uncomfortable over extended periods of time for a complicated flight plan. Read More...

Luscombe Phantom II: A Modern Time Machine

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With its radial engine and timeless design, Luscombe introduces an LSA with attitude




luscombeI was glad my editor couldn’t see the little jig I danced after reading her e-mail asking if I was interested in flying a new taildragger from Luscombe called the Phantom II. Any pilot in love with tailwheel aircraft need only see the words “fly” and “Luscombe” before his or her salivary glands start working overtime. I typed “yes!” so fast that it looked like “yeti” and I was sure she’d think I had lost my mind.

For the uninitiated, Luscombe is an airplane manufacturer that has a storied past. Don Luscombe founded the company in 1933, following his success designing the Monocoupe series of general aviation aircraft. He didn’t like the idea of constructing airplanes using tube and fabric, so he made the prescient decision to build his airplanes using an all-metal, stressed-skin design.

luscombeThe first Luscombe airplane was the Model 1, more commonly known as the Phantom. The airplane wasn’t a big financial success, so, in 1936, Don and his team followed it up with the Model 4, essentially an improved Phantom that kept the 90 hp Warner radial engine and all-metal construction (except for fabric wings). By 1938, Luscombe had created the now-famous Model 8, which sported a horizontally opposed engine—a new idea in the late ’30s. It became the most popular Luscombe ever built. In 1950, Luscombe Aircraft folded due to financial problems. The tooling and licensing rights changed hands several times, and the Model 8 continues to be built today. Sadly, the Model 4—with its rounded cowling and classy art-deco styling—faded into obscurity. Read More...

Luscombe Phantom II

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luscombe
Price as flown:

$145,000

Engine make/model: 7-cylinder, radial Rotec R2800-7
Horsepower 110@3600 rpm
Fuel type: 100LL or high-octane mogas
Propeller type 2-blade, 76-in Performance propeller
Max gross weight (lbs.): 1320
Empty weight, std. (lbs.):
830–880
Fuel capacity (gals.):
30
Fuel consumption (gph): 6
Wingspan: 35 ft.
Overall length: 20 ft.
Overall height: 7 ft.
Cabin width (in.): 40
Cabin height (in.): 39
Seating capacity: 2
Baggage capacity (lbs.): 75
Source: Luscombe-Silvaire Aircraft Company


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